Rhein is an anthraquinone metabolite of rheinanthrone and senna glycoside is present in many medicinal plants including Rheum palmatum, Cassia tora, Polygonum multiflorum, and Aloe barbadensis. It is known to have hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and several other protective effects.
| Product Name |
Rhein |
| Specification |
98% |
| Appearance |
yellow powder |
| Molecular formula |
C15H8O6 |
| Molecular weight |
284.2204 |
| CAS No |
478-43-3 |
| Solubility |
It is insoluble in water and soluble in alkali solution. |
Rhein contains chrysophanol, emodin, aloe emodin, rhein, sennoside and other chemical components. Rhein and rhein have anti-tumor effects, especially on melanoma, and also on breast cancer and Ehrlich ascites cancer. Intratumoral administration of breast cancer in mice can significantly destroy the cancer tissue. The inhibitory rates of rhein and emodin at 5 mg/kg on melanoma in mice were 76% and 73%, respectively. Emodin has a significant competitive inhibition on tyrosinase, which may be one of the mechanisms of rhubarb against melanoma. Emodin concentration is 10 μ G/ml has an inhibitory effect on the division of human lung cancer A-549 cells, and has a significant inhibitory effect on the DNA biosynthesis of lung cancer A-549 cells. The crude extract of rhubarb was injected subcutaneously, which had inhibitory effect on sarcoma S37 in mice. The inhibition rate of rhein on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was 15%, and the inhibition rate of rhein on mouse sarcoma S180 was 21%. The inhibitory rate of rhubarb hot water extract on mouse sarcoma S180 was 48.8%. Rhein has inhibitory effect on leukemia P388 in mice. Rhein, emodin and aloe emodin were extracted from rhubarb. These three anthraquinone derivatives all reduced the ascites volume and the number of cancer cells in tumor mice to varying degrees, of which the effect of rhein was more obvious than aloe emodin, which was basically in parallel with prolonging the survival period. Rhein and emodin have strong inhibition on the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, while aloe emodin has weak inhibition.
(1) Antineoplastic activity
Rhein can inhibit melanoma, Ehrlich ascites cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and P388 leukemia cells in mice. Peritoneal injection of rhein 50 μ G/kg, 21 days, the inhibition rate of melanoma in mice was 76%. The IC50 value of inhibitive effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer is 40 μ g/kg. One of the mechanisms of rhein inhibiting liver cancer in vivo and mice ascites is to affect its linear stereo and microfilament structure.
(2) Antibacterial activity
At the depth of 1.5~25mg/ml, rhein can inhibit staphylococcus, streptococcus, diphtheria, bacillus subtilis, paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, etc. One of its functions is to inhibit electron transfer in mitochondrial respiratory chain. Rhein has a strong inhibitory effect on nucleic acid and protein synthesis of Staphylococcus aureus, and also on DNA biosynthesis in cell-free systems.
(3) Immunosuppressive effect
Rhein can inhibit the production of biological antibodies, inhibit carbon particle clearance, reduce the weight of immune organs, and reduce the number of white blood cells.
(4) Diuretic effect
Rhein can increase the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in urine, promote ureteral peristalsis and increase urine volume.
(5) Purgative action
Rhein itself has no cathartic effect. Its intestinal bacteria transformation product anthrone rhein has cathartic activity, which can reduce the absorption of sodium and chloride ions by the colon and increase the secretion of potassium ions. Prostaglandins play an important role in the cathartic activity of anthrone rhein.
(6) Anti inflammatory effect
The 1,8-diacetyl compound of rhein has been used to treat osteoarthritis. In the intestine, the acetyl group of 1,8-diacetylrhein can be completely hydrolyzed, and the effective substance form should be rhein.
(7) Treatment of diabetes nephropathy
Research shows that Rhein has unique efficacy and new pharmacodynamic characteristics of improving glucose metabolism abnormality, reversing resistance, effectively preventing diabetes nephropathy, which is not available in known drugs for treating diabetes nephropathy, and has good safety. Researchers have carried out systematic in vitro and in vivo activity studies of rhein, and found that Rhein can play its role in the treatment of diabetes nephropathy by inhibiting the function of cell glucose transporter 1, inhibiting the activity of hexosamine pathway of cell glucose metabolism, inhibiting the expression of PAI-1 in endothelial cells, protecting the function of endothelial cells, reversing resistance and other mechanisms. These are new mechanisms of action in the treatment of diabetes nephropathy. Its efficacy has been verified in a series of animal models, such as type 1 diabetes nephropathy (STZ rat model, NOD mouse model) and type 2 diabetes nephropathy (high sugar and high fat diet model, DB / db mouse model). There is no new drug with such a unique therapeutic effect for diabetes nephropathy in the world.
1. Rhein is shown to improve digestion and increase the appetite.
2. Rhein also helps heal ulcers, alleviate disorders of the spleen and colon, relieve constipation and help heal hemorrhoids and bleeding in the upper digestive tract. 3. Anti tumor activity and antibacterial activity also have immuno-suppression, cathartic and anti-inflammatory affection.
3. As the raw materials of drugs for cooling blood, detoxification and relaxing the bowels, Rhein is mainly used in pharmaceutical field;
| Items |
Standards |
Results |
| Appearance |
Yellow powder |
Complies |
| Odor |
Characteristic |
Complies |
| Assay |
90%,98% HPLC |
Complies |
| Loss on Drying |
≤5.0% |
3.21% |
| Mesh Size |
80 Mesh |
95% pass 80 mesh |
| Residue on Ignition |
≤5.0% |
3.53% |
| Total Heavy Metals |
≤10ppm |
Complies |
| Microbial |
| Total Plate Count |
≤10000cfu/g |
Complies |
| Yeast & Mould |
≤1000cfu/g |
Complies |
| Salmonella |
Negative |
Complies |
| Staphylococcus Aureus |
Negative |
Complies |
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